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Levodopa/Carbidopa/Entacapone Rivopharm

SanoSwiss

Filmdragerad tablett 75 mg/18,75 mg/200 mg
(Oval, bikonvex, ljusorange tablett märkt med "75" på ena sidan och slät på andra sidan. Ca 16x10 mm)

Medel vid parkinsonism, dopa, inklusive kombinationer med dekarboxylashämmare

Aktiva substanser (i bokstavsordning):
ATC-kod: N04BA03
Läkemedlet omfattas av Läkemedelsförsäkringen.
  • Vad är miljöinformation?

Miljöinformation

Miljöpåverkan

Miljöinformationen för levodopa är framtagen av företaget MSD för Sinemet®, Sinemet® Depot, Sinemet® Depot Mite

Miljörisk: Risk för miljöpåverkan av levodopa kan inte uteslutas då det inte finns tillräckliga ekotoxikologiska data.
Nedbrytning: Levodopa bryts ned i miljön.
Bioackumulering: Levodopa har låg potential att bioackumuleras.


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Detaljerad miljöinformation

Levodopa


Environmental risk: Risk of environmental impact of Levodopa cannot be excluded, since there is not sufficient ecotoxicity data available.

Degradation: Levodopa is degraded in the environment.

Bioaccumulation: Levodopa has low potential for bioaccumulation


Detailed background information


Environmental Risk Classification


Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)

PEC is calculated according to the following formula:


PEC (μg/L) = (A*109*(100-R))/(365*P*V*D*100) = 1.5*10-6*A(100-R)


PEC = 0.69 μg/L


Where:

A = 4602 (total sold amount API in Sweden year 2019, data from IQVIA) (Ref I.)

R = 0 % removal rate (worst case assumption)

P = number of inhabitants in Sweden = 9 *106

V (L/day) = volume of wastewater per capita and day = 200 (ECHA default) (Ref. II)

D = factor for dilution of waste water by surface water flow = 10 (ECHA default) (Ref. II)


Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)


Ecotoxicological studies

Crustacean, water flea (Daphnia magna) (OECD 202) (Ref. IV):

Acute toxicity

EC50 48 h (immobility) = 16 mg/L


Fish, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (OECD 203) (Ref. III):

Acute toxicity

LC50 72 h (mortality) > 100 mg/L


Environmental risk classification (PEC/PNEC ratio)

Risk of environmental impact of Levodopa cannot be excluded, since there is not sufficient ecotoxicity data available.


Degradation

Biotic degradation (OECD 301F) (Ref. III)

Biodegradation: 72 %

Exposure time: 28 d

Readily biodegradable


Justification of chosen degradation phrase:

Based on the data presented above, the phrase, “Levodopa is degraded in the environment” is chosen.


Bioaccumulation

Partitioning coefficient (Method unknown) (Ref. V):

Log Kow = -2.39


Justification of chosen bioaccumulation phrase:

Since log Kow < 4 the substance has low potential for bioaccumulation.



References

  1. Data from IQVIA ”Consumption assessment in kg for input to environmental classification - updated 2020 (data 2019)”.

  2. ECHA, European Chemicals Agency. 2008 Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment. http://guidance.echa.europa.eu/docs/guidance_document/information_requirements_en.htm

  3. Roche, 2020. “Safety Data Sheet for MADOPAR Tablets 50/12.5 mg”, accessed on 2 Dec 2020 via EHS_L_TEXT(CED-U00 (roche.com)

  4. ICI Brixham, 1988. "LEVODOPA: Determination of the Acute Toxicity to Daphnia Magna." Study No. BL/B/3276, Brixham, UK, 27 May 1988.

  5. Sangster, J., 1993. “Log Kow Databank”, Sangster Res. Lab. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.